[MODERN INSTRUMENTS FOR EAR, NOSE AND THROAT RENDERING AND EVALUATION IN RESEARCHES ON RUSSIAN SEGMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION].

The paper reports the results of testing some diagnostic video systems enabling digital rendering of TNT teeth and jaws. The authors substantiate the criteria of choosing and integration of imaging systems in future on Russian segment of the International space station kit LOR developed for examination and download of high-quality images of cosmonauts' TNT, parodentium and teeth.

MONITORING OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS IN ISOLATION IN EXPERIMENT LUNA-2015.

The paper describes ECG, HR, blood oxyhemoglobin (SpO,) and noninvasive pressure, as well as respiration monitoring at different times points in the Luna-2015 experiment with 9-day isolation implemented at the IBMP ground-based test facility.

[The use of succinate-containing preparations in combine therapy of diffuse toxic goiter].

We studied dynamics of hormonal status, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative modification, enzymatic activity of the antioxidative system in the patients with newly diagnosed diffuse toxic goiter (Graves' disease). It was shown that the use of succinate-containing antioxidant reamnberin accelerates normalization of hormonal status and free radical oxidation; it reduces the duration of hospitalization.

Comparison of oxygen consumption rates in minimally transformed BALB/3T3 and virus-transformed 3T3B-SV40 cells.

In the recent years, bioenergetics of tumor cells and particularly cell respiration have been attracting great attention because of the involvement of mitochondria in apoptosis and growing evidence of the possibility to diagnose and treat cancer by affecting the system of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. In the present work, a comparative study of oxygen consumption in 3T3B-SV40 cells transformed with oncovirus SV40 and parental BALB/3T3 cells was conducted. Such fractions of oxygen consumption as "phosphorylating" respiration coupled to ATP synthesis, "free" respiration not coupled to ATP synthesis, and "reserve" or hidden respiration observed in the presence of protonophore were determined. Maximal respiration was shown to be only slightly decreased in 3T3B-SV40 cells as compared to BALB/3T3. However, in the case of certain fractions of cellular respiration, the changes were significant. "Phosphorylating" respiration was found to be reduced to 54% and "reserve" respiration, on the contrary, increased up to 160% in virus-transformed 3T3B-SV40 cells. The low rate of "phosphorylating" respiration and high "reserve" respiration indicate that under normal incubation conditions the larger part of mitochondrial respiratory chains of the virus-transformed cells is in the resting state (i.e. there is no electron transfer to oxygen). The high "reserve" respiration is suggested to play an important role in preventing apoptosis of 3T3B-SV40 cells.

[Changes of oxidative homeostasis in acute experimental cholecystitis].

Variations of the indices of endogenous intoxication, lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, and antioxidant system operation have been studied in animals with acute experimental cholecystitis. The possibility and effectiveness of using succinate-containing drugs reamberin and mexidol for the correction of these impairments has been assessed. In the present study, reamberin effectively reduced the intensity of lipid peroxidation and protein modification in experimental animals.

[Effect of hypoxenum on bioenergetic processes in mitochondria and the activity of ATP-sensitive potassium channel].

The effect of hypoxenum on bioenergetic processes in heart and liver mitochondria of rats, connected with respiration, the generation of hydrogen peroxide, and the activity of ATP-sensitive K-channel ((mitoK)ATP) has been studied. It was shown that hypoxenum in the concentration range of 0.05-10 microg/ml stimulates respiration, increases the coupling in the respiratory chain, and enhances the formation of H2O2 and energy-dependent swelling associated with potassium transport in mitochondria. Hypoxenum removes the inhibitory effect of ATP on the energy-dependent swelling of mitochondria and partially reduces the accumulation of H2O2 in the presence of ATP. The role of antihypoxic and antioxidant action of hypoxenum associated with the activation of (mitoK)ATP is discussed.

[The drug hypoxen--a new inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial dehydrogenases].

The effect of hypoxen on the oxygen consumption and activity of dehydrogenases in rat liver mitochondria has been studied. The addition of hypoxen to mitochondria caused a speed reduction of phosphorylating and uncoupling respiration. The minimal effective concentration of hypoxen was 15 microg/ml with succinate, 60 microg/ml with pyruvate or palmitoylcarnitine, and 120 microg/ml with glutamate as the substrates. The activities of malate, glutamate, and succinate dehydrogenases in mitochondria were significantly decreased by the effect of hypoxen.

[Communication within the mission control-space crew loop: the socio-psychological aspects].

The object of the article is a pilot study of audio communication between space crew and ground operators. The experiment was to validate a new method of content-analysis of radio contacts in order to evaluate the socio-psychological aspects of communication as within the crew, so between the crew and the Mission control center. The study supported the supposition of V.I. Myasnikov that the most frequent and active spokesman is a formal or informal crew lead. Also, each national MCC evidently prefers to contact its own crew member.

Target station shielding issues at the spallation neutron source.

Recent spallation neutron source shielding activities in support of the neutron beam shutters and the hot cell walls are presented. Existing neutron beam shutters can be replaced with concrete at low power or with concrete and steel at approximately 500 kW of beam power. Potential voids in the hot cell walls are analysed to determine the impact on dose rates as a function of void size. A change in the type of shielding work is noted as the project moved from the early design stages as a 'green field' site to the current stage as a construction project nearing completion, where issues to be addressed are approaching retrofit-type analyses.

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project: a fertile ground for radiation protection and shielding challenges.

The Spallation Neutron Source facility presently under construction in the USA consists of a front end, a linac, an accumulator ring, a target station and a neutron instrument hall, producing pulsed neutron beams driven by a proton beam of 1 GeV energy and 1.4 MW power with a repetition rate of 60 Hz. The layout of the facility and the radiation protection and shielding concept of the facility is laid out in numerous examples in a walk from the proton beam generation to the neutron utilisation.

[Testing and selection of equipment to simulate in-flight telemedicine-assisted medical examinations and researches on the ISS Russian segment].

Analysis of equipment and systems used in telemedicine consultation was fulfilled from the perspective of integration into the ISS RS.

[Individual style of communication with the outer world during long-term isolation]. / Individual'nyi stil' kommunikatsii s vneshnim mirom v usloviiakh dolgovremennoi izoliatsii.

Crew communication with ground controllers is a source of information for diagnostics of mood, mental performance and mutual understanding within space crew. The article analyzes results of dynamic observation of communication of small groups isolated from the outer world during project SFINCSS-99 performed at RF SSC-IBMP in 1999-2000 with the purpose to simulate life and interrelations within ISS crews. The project evidenced that some communication manners featured personal strategies of adaptation to the extreme conditions. A modified procedure of communication content-analysis proved to be a success in remote psychodiagnostics and to bear promise for analysis of crew personality and inter-relationship during space flight.

[Aspects of developing a unified information system of space crew medical support based on networking technologies]. / Voprosy sozdaniia edinoi informatsionnoi sistemy meditsinskogo obespecheniia kosmicheskikh poletov na osnove vnedreniia setevykh tekhnologii peredachi dannykh.

Computerization of national and international space research projects, real-time data management, improvement of the quality of medical support to space crew through more extensive use of video, audio and telemetric information put in the forefront the necessity to integrate individual experts and agencies in a single network. Described is the structure of the operative network mounted at the Russian Federation State Research Center--Institute of Biomedical Problems. The authors discuss issues related to networking participants in medical support of manned missions, and a biomedical data exchange format. Developed was a prototype of an on-line Web-server. Prospect for advancement of the informational network is outlined.

[Modernization of methods amd technical means of information supply of piloted space flights]. / Modernizatsiia metodov i apparatnykh sredstv informatsionnogo obespecheniia pilotiruemykh kosmicheskikh poletov.

The goal was to lay basis for a change to modern, adequate to international standards technology of the biomedical data transfer to and from the orbital complex, and setting-up a computer network to link all partners in the medical care systems for space missions. Main sources of the board biomedical information were identified as well as associated restrictions on communication capabilities and upgrading the in-flight procedures. Advantages of INTERNET were analyzed and the need for high-speed digital downlink of the biomedical data was substantiated.

[The oxidative phosphorylation system of BHK-21 cells in suspension cultivation]. / Sostoianie sistemy okislitel'nogo fosforilirovaniia kletok BHK-21 pri suspenzionnom kul'tivirovanii.

The state of the oxidative phosphorylation system in intact and digitonin-treated BHK-21 cells in the lag-, logarithmic and stationary growth phases has been studied. It is shown that during the growth of cell culture the rates of oxygen uptake and the extent of coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation change significantly.

[Factors affecting the treatment results with pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. / O faktorakh, vliiaiushchikh na rezul'tat lecheniia bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

A study is presented of the effect of social factors on the outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with freshly detected disease mainly in rural localities in 1985-1989. The outcomes of treatment depended mainly on the form and extension of the pathological process and terms of treatment. It was also established that the outcomes of tuberculosis are also influenced by unfavourable social factors which are more pronounced in persons with an extensive process. Treatment results were better in women with higher education than in similarly educator men. Among agricultural workers treatment efficacy was worse than among office workers and housewives. Life in the family effects more favourably treatment results than single life. Treatment results were worse in those living in unsatisfactory conditions, engaged in hard physical work, suffering of concomitant diseases and bad habits.

[The effect of social factors on tuberculosis morbidity]. / Vliianie sotsial'nykh faktorov na zabolevaemost' tuberkulezom.

The influence of social factors on tuberculosis morbidity in the Vinnitsa region was studied for the period of 1954-1965 (1365 examined subjects) and 1965-1989 (556 examined subjects). They included: income per family member, residence conditions, the nature of work and occupational hazards, education, bad habits, and marital status, etc.). Social factors have still influence on the possible development of pulmonary tuberculosis. A combination of unfavourable social factors (low income, hard physical labour, smoking, alcohol abuse, malnutrition, low hygienic level) as well as a separate factor (income per family member) have the greatest influence on tuberculosis morbidity. Recently, since provision with living space has been improved, this factor has a lower influence on the possible development of tuberculosis.